نوع مقاله : مقاله علمی-پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
Introduction: Customs, serving as the gateway for the entry and exit of goods, plays a vital role in international trade and national economies. With the exponential growth in trade volumes, the increasing complexity of supply chains, and the emergence of new technologies, semi-traditional customs systems face serious challenges regarding efficiency, transparency, and speed. This research aims to design a customs modernization model based on modern technologies and process improvements.
Research Methodology: This study employed a qualitative approach involving 18 customs experts and specialists—including university faculty members (serving as board members, consultants, and managers) with experience collaborating with the customs industry, as well as human resources managers, executives, staff, and experts with at least 10 years of experience. Participants were selected using purposive (judgmental) and snowball sampling methods until theoretical saturation was reached. Data collection was conducted via semi-structured interviews, and the study utilized the Grounded Theory approach (Strauss and Corbin). Validity and reliability were confirmed based on the four criteria of trustworthiness established by Guba and Lincoln.
Findings: Data analysis led to the identification of the central category of "customs modernization" which can be examined in technical, process, institutional and managerial dimensions. The causal conditions are the growth of international trade volume and complexity of operations, inefficiency and slowness of traditional processes, the need to reduce corruption and increase transparency, pressure to facilitate trade and competitiveness, the development of new technologies, especially artificial intelligence, Contextual conditions include data analysis and network infrastructure, data-driven regulations and culture, financial resources, and specialized human capital;Intervening conditions include infrastructure limitations and sanctions, structural and managerial weaknesses, external factors, and inter-institutional coordination;
Strategies include strengthening data analysis infrastructure, redesigning processes based on data, building human resource capacity in data analysis, and data-driven coordination with other institutions,The identified consequences include the acceleration of the goods clearance process, increased accuracy and reduced human error, decreased corruption and enhanced transparency, improved customs revenues and violation control, and increased stakeholder satisfaction; these have been presented within the framework of the grounded theory paradigm model.
Conclusion: Customs modernization is a comprehensive transformation requiring simultaneous attention to technical, human, legal, and managerial dimensions. Successful implementation of this model can transform customs from a sluggish, obstructive entity into a transparent, efficient, and facilitative one, thereby paving the way for trade facilitation, increased government revenue, and stakeholder satisfaction.
کلیدواژهها English
